Pomeranian

History and Origin

The Pomeranian’s story begins in the province of Pomerania, an area that now straddles modern-day Germany and Poland. These spunky little dogs are descended from the larger Spitz-type sled dogs of the Arctic regions, which were bred down in size over time.

Originally weighing up to 30 pounds, Pomeranians were used as hardy herding dogs. Their transformation into the toy breed we know today began in earnest during the 19th century. The breed gained significant popularity when Queen Victoria of England fell in love with them during a visit to Florence, Italy, in 1888. She became an enthusiastic breeder and exhibitor, which helped to promote the breed and reduce its size further.

Queen Victoria’s influence on the breed cannot be overstated. Her preference for particularly small Pomeranians led to a dramatic decrease in their size over her lifetime. At the time of her death in 1901, she had more than 35 Pomeranians in her kennels.

The American Kennel Club recognized the Pomeranian in 1888, and since then, they have consistently ranked among the most popular toy breeds in the United States. Their charm, portability, and big personalities in small packages have endeared them to dog lovers around the world.

Physical Characteristics

Pomeranians are immediately recognizable by their fluffy, fox-like appearance. They have a compact, square body with a short back and a proud, plumed tail that fans out over their back. Their head is wedge-shaped with a short, pointed muzzle, giving them their distinctive foxy expression.

One of the most striking features is their luxurious double coat. The undercoat is soft and dense, while the outer coat is long, straight, and harsh in texture, standing off from the body. This creates their signature puffball appearance, often likened to a miniature lion’s mane around their neck and chest.

Pomeranians come in a wide variety of colors and patterns, making them one of the most diverse breeds in terms of coat color. Some of the most popular colors include:

• Orange
• Black
• Cream
• White
• Blue
• Brown
• Red
• Sable
• Brindle
• Tan

They can also come in parti-color (two colors with one being white) and patterns like merle. The “blue merle Pomeranian” has gained popularity in recent years for its striking appearance.

Their almond-shaped eyes are dark and expressive, set well into the skull. Pomeranians have small, erect ears that add to their alert and intelligent expression. Their short legs are set well under the body, contributing to their compact and sturdy appearance despite their small size.

Temperament and Personality

Pomeranians may be small in stature, but they have personalities that rival dogs many times their size. These little dogs are known for their lively, bold, and sometimes even bossy nature. They’re intelligent, curious, and always ready for adventure, making them entertaining companions for those who appreciate an energetic small dog.

With family members, They are typically affectionate and devoted. They often form strong bonds with their owners and can be quite protective despite their size. This protective instinct, combined with their alert nature, makes them excellent watchdogs. They’re quick to bark at any perceived threat or simply to announce visitors, which is something potential owners should be prepared for.

Pomeranians generally get along well with other pets, especially when socialized from a young age. However, their bold nature means they may not always realize their own size limitations. It’s not uncommon for a Pomeranian to try to boss around much larger dogs!

When it comes to children, Pomeranians can be good companions, but they’re best suited to homes with older kids who understand how to handle small dogs gently. Their small size makes them somewhat fragile, and they may snap if handled roughly or startled.

These little dogs have a reputation for being somewhat yappy, and while this can be managed with training, potential owners should be prepared for a dog that’s not afraid to make its presence known vocally. This tendency to bark, combined with their alertness, means Pomeranians often make excellent alarm systems for apartments or homes.

Pomeranians are also known for their intelligence and can be quite clever when it comes to getting what they want. This intelligence, combined with a sometimes stubborn streak, can make them a bit challenging to train for novice dog owners. However, with consistent, positive reinforcement-based training, They can learn a wide variety of tricks and commands.

Despite their small size, They have a relatively high energy level. They enjoy regular play sessions and short walks, and many Poms love to participate in dog sports like agility or obedience trials. Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise for this breed, so puzzle toys and training sessions are great ways to keep a Pomeranian happy and engaged.

Training and Intelligence

Pomeranians are intelligent dogs with a keen ability to learn, but their sometimes stubborn nature can make training a bit of a challenge. They’re often described as having a “what’s in it for me?” attitude, which means that positive reinforcement techniques work best with this breed.

When it comes to trainability, Pomeranians fall into the “Moderate” category. They’re certainly capable of learning a wide variety of commands and tricks, but they may not always be eager to please in the same way that some other breeds are. Here are some key points to consider when training a Pomeranian:

1. Start early: Early socialization and puppy training classes are crucial for them. This helps them develop good manners and confidence around other dogs and people.
2. Keep sessions short and fun: tey must have a relatively short attention span. Training sessions should be kept brief (5-10 minutes) but frequent, and always end on a positive note.
3. Use positive reinforcement: Treats, praise, and play are all excellent motivators for Pomeranians. They respond much better to rewards than to harsh corrections.
4. Be consistent: Like all dogs, Pomeranians thrive on consistency. All family members should use the same commands and rules to avoid confusing the dog.
5. Address barking early: They are known for being vocal. Teaching a “quiet” command early on can help manage excessive barking.
6. Patience is key: They can sometimes be stubborn. Patience and persistence are essential when training this breed.
7. Incorporate mental stimulation: Puzzle toys, hidden treats, and learning new tricks can all help keep a Pomeranian’s mind active and engaged.

One common challenge when training is housebreaking. Their small size means they have small bladders, and some can be somewhat stubborn about going outside, especially in cold or wet weather. Consistent, positive reinforcement and a regular schedule are key to successfully potty training a Pomeranian.

Despite these challenges, many Pomeranians excel in obedience and agility competitions. Their intelligence and energy make them well-suited to these activities, which can also provide excellent mental and physical stimulation for these clever little dogs.

Exercise Needs and Energy Level

Despite their small size, Pomeranians have a relatively high energy level and require regular exercise to stay healthy and happy. Their exercise needs fall into the “Moderate Exercise Needs” category, typically requiring about 30-60 minutes of activity per day.

Here’s a breakdown of a Pomeranian’s exercise requirements:

1. Daily walks: Two 15-20 minute walks per day are usually sufficient for most Pomeranians. These walks provide physical exercise and mental stimulation through new sights, sounds, and smells.
2. Playtime: They enjoy interactive play sessions. Games like fetch, tug-of-war (with appropriately sized toys), or hide-and-seek can be great ways to burn energy.
3. Indoor activities: As small dogs, they can get a good amount of exercise even in limited space. Indoor games and toys can help keep them active, especially on days when outdoor exercise isn’t possible.
4. Mental stimulation: Puzzle toys, training sessions, and learning new tricks all count as mental exercise, which is just as important as physical activity for this intelligent breed.
5. Dog sports: Many Pomeranians enjoy and excel at activities like agility, obedience, or rally. These sports provide excellent physical and mental stimulation.

It’s important to note that while they are energetic, they’re also small dogs with short legs. They can’t keep up with activities like jogging or long hikes the way larger breeds can. Always monitor for signs of fatigue during exercise.

Also, be cautious about exercising Pomeranians in extreme weather conditions. Their small size makes them susceptible to overheating in hot weather, and their short muzzles can make it difficult for them to cool themselves efficiently. In cold weather, their small size means they can get chilled quickly, despite their fluffy coat.

Regular exercise is crucial for preventing obesity, which can be a common issue in this breed. Obesity can lead to various health problems and decrease their lifespan, so maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise is essential.

Remember, a well-exercised Pomeranian is usually a well-behaved Pomeranian. Providing adequate physical and mental stimulation can help prevent behavioral issues like excessive barking or destructive chewing that might arise from boredom or pent-up energy.

Grooming and Care

Pomeranians are known for their beautiful, fluffy coats, which require regular grooming to keep them looking their best. Their grooming needs fall into the “High Maintenance” category due to their thick double coat and tendency to shed. Here’s a comprehensive guide to grooming and caring for a Pomeranian:

1. Brushing: They should be brushed 3-4 times a week, and daily during shedding seasons (typically spring and fall). Use a pin brush to gently work through the coat, paying special attention to areas prone to matting like behind the ears, under the legs, and around the collar.
2. Bathing: Bathe them every 3-4 weeks, or as needed. Use a dog-specific shampoo that won’t strip the natural oils from their coat. Be sure to rinse thoroughly, as leftover shampoo can irritate the skin.
3. Drying: After bathing, it’s important to dry the coat thoroughly. Their thick undercoat can trap moisture, leading to skin problems if left damp. Use a low-heat blow dryer, brushing the coat as you dry to prevent tangles.
4. Trimming: While They don’t require regular haircuts like some breeds, occasional trimming around the feet, ears, and sanitary areas can help keep them tidy. Many owners opt for professional grooming every 6-8 weeks.
5. Nail care: Trim their nails every 2-3 weeks, or as needed. If you can hear their nails clicking on the floor, they’re too long.
6. Dental care: Brush their teeth at least 2-3 times a week, daily if possible. Small breeds like Pomeranians are prone to dental issues, so good oral hygiene is crucial.
7. Ear care: Check and clean their ears weekly. Use a gentle, dog-specific ear cleaner and a soft cloth to remove any dirt or wax buildup.
8. Eye care: Pomeranians can be prone to tear staining. Gently wipe around their eyes daily with a damp cloth to prevent staining and keep the area clean.

Shedding management is a significant aspect of Pomeranian care. These dogs shed moderately year-round and have two heavy shedding seasons annually when they “blow” their undercoat. During these times, daily brushing is essential to remove loose fur and prevent matting.

When it comes to Pomeranian hairstyles, there are several popular cuts:

1. Teddy Bear Cut: This involves trimming the fur to an even length all over the body, giving the dog a rounded, stuffed-animal appearance.
2. Lion Cut: The body is trimmed short while leaving the mane around the neck and chest full, resembling a lion’s mane.
3. Fox Cut: This maintains their natural fox-like appearance, with minimal trimming except for neatening up around the feet and sanitary areas.
4. Puppy Cut: A short, even cut all over the body that’s easy to maintain and keeps the dog cool in warmer weather.

Remember, proper grooming is not just about appearance. Regular grooming sessions are an opportunity to check for any skin issues, lumps, or other potential health concerns. It’s also a great way to bond with your Pomeranian and get them used to being handled, which can make veterinary visits less stressful.

Health and Lifespan

Pomeranians are generally healthy dogs with a relatively long lifespan of 12-16 years. However, like all breeds, they are prone to certain health issues. Being aware of these potential problems can help owners provide the best care and catch any issues early. Here are some of the most common health concerns are:

1. Luxating Patella: This condition, where the kneecap dislocates or moves out of its normal location, is common in many small breeds, including Pomeranians. Symptoms include intermittent lameness or an abnormal gait.
2. Dental Problems: Due to their small mouths, Pomeranians are prone to dental overcrowding, which can lead to tooth decay and gum disease. Regular dental care is crucial.
3. Tracheal Collapse: This condition, where the windpipe becomes weakened and flattens, can cause coughing and difficulty breathing. It’s more common in older Pomeranians.
4. Heart Issues: They can be prone to various heart conditions, including patent ductus arteriosus and mitral valve disease.
5. Hypothyroidism: This condition, where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, can lead to weight gain, lethargy, and skin problems.
6. Eye Problems: They can be susceptible to various eye conditions, including cataracts, dry eye, and tear duct issues.
7. Alopecia X: Also known as “black skin disease,” this condition causes hair loss, primarily on the body while leaving the head and legs furry.
8. Collapsing Trachea: This condition, where the trachea weakens and collapses, can cause breathing difficulties and a honking cough.

To help your Pomeranian live a long, healthy life, consider these preventative care measures:

1. Regular Vet Check-ups: Annual (or bi-annual for older dogs) veterinary exams can catch potential health issues early.
2. Dental Care: Brush their teeth regularly and consider professional cleanings as recommended by your vet.
3. Weight Management: Keeping them at a healthy weight can prevent many health issues, including joint problems and heart disease.
4. Exercise: Regular, appropriate exercise helps maintain overall health and prevents obesity.
5. Proper Nutrition: Feed them a high-quality diet appropriate for their age, size, and activity level.
6. Avoid Overbreeding: If breeding Pomeranians, be aware of genetic health issues and breed responsibly.
7. Regular Grooming: This allows you to check for any skin issues, lumps, or other abnormalities.
8. Preventative Medications: Keep them on regular flea, tick, and heartworm preventatives as recommended by your vet.

It’s important to note that not all Pomeranians will get any or all of these conditions, but awareness and prevention are key to maintaining your dog’s health. When acquiring a Pomeranian puppy, always choose a reputable breeder who provides health clearances for the parents.

Living Environment and Adaptability

Pomeranians are highly adaptable dogs that can thrive in various living situations, making them popular choices for both city dwellers and those in more spacious environments. Here’s a breakdown of their adaptability to different living conditions:

1. Apartment Living: Pomeranians are excellent apartment dogs due to their small size and moderate exercise needs. They can get much of their required physical activity indoors, making them suitable for urban living.
2. Houses with Yards: While not necessary, a house with a yard can provide them with more space to play and explore. However, they should always be supervised outdoors due to their small size and potential prey drive.
3. Climate Adaptability: They can adapt to various climates but require special care in extreme weather:
   • In hot weather, they can overheat easily due to their thick coat. Provide plenty of shade, water, and avoid exercise during the hottest parts of the day.
   • In cold weather, while their coat provides some protection, they can still get chilled quickly due to their small size. A doggy sweater or coat may be necessary in very cold conditions.
4. Noise Tolerance: They can be sensitive to loud noises, which may trigger barking. This is something to consider if you live in a noisy urban environment.
5. Space Requirements: Despite their energy, Pomeranians don’t need a lot of space. They’re content in small homes as long as they receive adequate exercise and mental stimulation.
6. Family Dynamics: They can adapt well to various family situations:
   • Singles and Seniors: They make excellent companions for individuals, providing company without requiring extensive exercise.
   • Families: They can do well in families, but are best suited to homes with older children who can handle them gently.
   • Multi-Pet Households: With proper socialization, Pomeranians can get along well with other pets.
7. Time Alone: While Pomeranians enjoy company, they can adapt to being alone for moderate periods if properly trained. However, they can be prone to separation anxiety if left alone for too long.
8. Travel: Their small size makes Pomeranians excellent travel companions. They can easily fit in a carrier under an airplane seat or in a car.

Remember, regardless of the living environment, Pomeranians need plenty of attention, mental stimulation, and exercise to prevent boredom and potential behavior issues. They thrive on being close to their owners and are happiest when they’re involved in family activities.

Family Compatibility

Pomeranians can make wonderful family pets in the right circumstances. Their cheerful, affectionate nature and portable size make them adaptable to many family situations. However, their small size and sometimes feisty temperament mean they’re not ideal for every family. Let’s break down their compatibility:

1. With Adults: They often form strong bonds with their adult owners. They’re affectionate, loyal, and love to be involved in daily activities. They make excellent companions for singles, couples, and seniors.
2. With Children:
   • Older Children: Pomeranians can do well with older children who understand how to interact gently with a small dog. They can be playful and entertaining companions.
   • Young Children: Caution is advised with very young children. They are fragile due to their small size and may snap if handled roughly or startled. Always supervise interactions between Pomeranians and young children.
3. With Other Dogs: When properly socialized, They often get along well with other dogs. However, their bold nature means they may not always realize their size limitations, potentially leading to conflicts with larger dogs.
4. With Cats and Other Pets: Many Pomeranians can coexist peacefully with cats and other pets, especially if introduced at a young age. However, their prey drive may cause them to chase smaller animals.
5. Seniors: They can be excellent companions for seniors. Their small size makes them easy to manage, and their affectionate nature provides companionship. However, their grooming needs and potential for barking should be considered.
6. Active Families: Despite their small size, Pomeranians have a fair amount of energy and can keep up with an active family lifestyle. They enjoy walks, play sessions, and being involved in family activities.
7. First-Time Dog Owners: They can be good for first-time dog owners, but their grooming needs and potential for stubbornness in training should be considered. They’re best suited to owners who can commit to regular grooming and consistent training.

Ideal Pomeranian owners are those who:

• Have time for daily interaction, play, and grooming
• Can provide consistent, positive reinforcement-based training
• Appreciate a small dog with a big personality
• Are prepared to manage potential barking
• Can supervise interactions with children and larger pets
• Are home frequently or can arrange for regular companionship for the dog

It’s important to note that every Pomeranian, like every dog, has its own unique personality. While these are general traits of the breed, individual dogs may vary. When adding a Pomeranian to your family, consider meeting the dog first to ensure its temperament is a good match for your household.

Breed Variations and Types

While the Pomeranian is recognized as a single breed, there are some variations in size, coat type, and color that are worth noting. These variations are not separate breeds but rather different types within the Pomeranian breed standard.

1. Size Variations:
   • Standard Pomeranian: Typically weighs between 3-7 pounds (1.4-3.2 kg).
   • Throwback Pomeranian: Occasionally, a larger Pomeranian (10-14 pounds or 4.5-6.4 kg) may be born, resembling the breed’s larger ancestors. These are often called “throwback” Poms.
   • Teacup Pomeranian: This is not an official variation, but some breeders market very small Pomeranians (under 3 pounds) as “teacups.” It’s important to note that breeding for extremely small size can lead to health issues.
2. Coat Types:
   • Standard Coat: The typical fluffy double coat that stands off from the body.
   • Woolly Coat: A softer, fluffier coat that doesn’t stand off from the body as much.
   • Cashmere Coat: An extremely soft, silky coat that lies closer to the body.
3. Face Shapes:
   • Fox Face: The traditional face shape, with a longer, more pointed muzzle.
   • Baby Doll Face: A rounder, flatter face with a shorter muzzle. This type has become increasingly popular in recent years.
4. Color Variations: Pomeranians come in a wide variety of colors and patterns. The American Kennel Club recognizes 23 colors and combinations:
   • Solid Colors: Black, Blue, Chocolate, Cream, Orange, Red, White
   • Parti-Colors: Black & Tan, Blue & Tan, Chocolate & Tan
   • Sable Colors: Black Sable, Blue Sable, Chocolate Sable, Orange Sable, Red Sable
   • Brindle Colors: Black Brindle, Blue Brindle, Chocolate Brindle, Red Brindle
   • Merle Colors: Blue Merle, Chocolate Merle
   • Patterns: Beaver, Wolf Sable

It’s worth noting that some colors, like the blue merle Pomeranian, have gained popularity in recent years. However, responsible breeders prioritize health and temperament over rare or trendy colors.

1. Pomeranian Lines:
   • Show Lines: Bred to conform closely to the breed standard for conformation shows.
   • Pet Lines: Bred primarily as companion animals, may have slight variations from the show standard.

Remember, regardless of the variation, all Pomeranians should meet the basic breed standard in terms of overall structure, temperament, and general appearance. When choosing a Pomeranian, it’s more important to focus on health, temperament, and fit for your lifestyle rather than specific color or coat type variations.

Popular Mixes

Pomeranians, with their charming personalities and adorable looks, are often mixed with other breeds to create unique and appealing designer dogs. These mixes can combine the Pomeranian’s traits with those of other breeds, resulting in dogs with varied appearances and personalities. Here are some popular Pomeranian mixes:

1. Pomsky (Pomeranian x Husky):
   • Appearance: Often looks like a miniature Husky with a fluffy coat.
   • Temperament: Energetic, intelligent, and playful.
   • Size: Usually larger than a Pomeranian but smaller than a Husky.
2. Pomchi (Pomeranian x Chihuahua):
   • Appearance: Small with a face that can resemble either parent breed.
   • Temperament: Often bold and feisty, loyal to their owners.
   • Size: Typically very small, usually under 10 pounds.
3. Pom-A-Pug (Pomeranian x Pug):
   • Appearance: Often has a squished face like a Pug but with a fluffier coat.
   • Temperament: Generally friendly and playful, can be good with children.
   • Size: Usually small, typically under 15 pounds.
4. Yoranian (Pomeranian x Yorkshire Terrier):
   • Appearance: Often has a long, silky coat that may be less fluffy than a Pomeranian’s.
   • Temperament: Typically energetic, affectionate, and sometimes stubborn.
   • Size: Very small, usually under 7 pounds.
5. Pomapoo (Pomeranian x Poodle):
   • Appearance: Can vary, but often has a curly or wavy coat.
   • Temperament: Usually intelligent and energetic, may be easier to train than a purebred Pomeranian.
   • Size: Can vary depending on the size of the Poodle parent, but typically small.
6. Pom-Shi (Pomeranian x Shiba Inu):
   • Appearance: Often resembles a fluffy Shiba Inu with Pomeranian features.
   • Temperament: Can be independent like a Shiba Inu but with the Pomeranian’s playfulness.
   • Size: Usually larger than a Pomeranian but smaller than a Shiba Inu.
7. Maltipom (Pomeranian x Maltese):
   • Appearance: Often has a white or light-colored fluffy coat.
   • Temperament: Usually friendly and affectionate, good with families.
   • Size: Typically very small, usually under 10 pounds.
8. Pom-Aussie (Pomeranian x Australian Shepherd):
   • Appearance: Can vary greatly, often with a fluffy coat and Aussie-like markings.
   • Temperament: Usually intelligent and energetic, may have herding instincts.
   • Size: Typically medium-small, larger than a Pomeranian but smaller than an Aussie.

While these mixes can be adorable and combine desirable traits from both parent breeds, it’s important to remember that mixed breed dogs can inherit any combination of traits from their parents. This means their appearance, temperament, and health concerns can be less predictable than those of purebred dogs.

Potential benefits of Pomeranian mixes:

• May have a more diverse gene pool, potentially reducing some breed-specific health issues.
• Can combine desirable traits from both parent breeds.
• Often unique in appearance, appealing to those who want a one-of-a-kind dog.

Potential challenges:

• Unpredictable size, appearance, and temperament.
• May inherit health issues from both parent breeds.
• Grooming needs can vary and may be high-maintenance.

As with any dog, whether purebred or mixed, it’s important to meet the parent dogs if possible, understand the potential health issues of both parent breeds, and ensure you’re prepared for the care and training needs of your new pet.

Ownership Considerations

Owning a Pomeranian can be a rewarding experience, but it’s important to understand the responsibilities and considerations that come with this breed. Here’s a comprehensive look at what potential Pomeranian owners should consider:

1. Time Commitment:
   • Daily Exercise: 30-60 minutes of activity per day.
   • Grooming: 3-4 brushing sessions per week, more during shedding seasons.
   • Training: Regular, short training sessions for mental stimulation and behavior management.
   • Companionship: Pomeranians thrive on human interaction and don’t do well when left alone for long periods.
2. Financial Considerations: Initial Costs:
   • Purchase Price: $500-$6,000, depending on pedigree and breeder reputation.
   • Initial Supplies: $200-$500 (bed, crate, toys, grooming tools, etc.)
   • Initial Veterinary Costs: $200-$500 (vaccinations, microchipping, spay/neuter)

   Ongoing Costs (Annual):

   • Food: $200-$500
   • Routine Veterinary Care: $200-$400
   • Grooming (if professional): $300-$600
   • Toys and Treats: $100-$200
   • Pet Insurance: $200-$500 (optional but recommended)

   Potential Additional Costs:

   • Emergency Veterinary Care: Can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars.
   • Professional Training: $500-$1,000 if needed.
3. Lifestyle Changes:
   • Need for regular exercise and playtime.
   • Adjustment to having a small, sometimes vocal dog in the home.
   • Consideration of the dog’s needs when planning trips or long workdays.
   • Potential lifestyle limitations due to the dog’s small size and exercise needs.
4. Long-term Care Needs:
   • Dental Care: Regular teeth brushing and professional cleanings.
   • Weight Management: Monitoring food intake and providing adequate exercise.
   • Senior Care: Potential for age-related health issues as the dog gets older.
   • Grooming: Lifelong commitment to regular grooming to maintain coat health.
5. Training and Socialization:
   • Early and consistent training is crucial to manage potential behavioral issues.
   • Socialization with people and other animals is important from a young age.
   • Patience is required, as Pomeranians can be stubborn during training.
6. Living Space Considerations:
   • While adaptable to various living situations, ensure your living space allows pets.
   • Consider noise levels, as Pomeranians can be barky.
   • Ensure a safe environment, removing potential hazards for a small dog.
7. Family Dynamics:
   • Consider how a Pomeranian will fit into your current family structure.
   • Ensure all family members are on board with the responsibilities of dog ownership.
   • If you have young children, consider if a Pomeranian is the right choice.
8. Travel and Work Schedule:
   • Plan for pet care during vacations or work trips.
   • Consider if your work schedule allows for proper care and attention for a Pomeranian.
9. Breed-Specific Legislation:
   • While Pomeranians are not typically subject to breed-specific legislation, always check local laws regarding pet ownership.
10. Ethical Considerations:
    • Choose a reputable breeder or consider adoption from a rescue organization.
    • Be aware of potential health issues in the breed and how to prevent or manage them.

Owning a Pomeranian is a long-term commitment that can last 12-16 years or more. Potential owners should carefully consider if they’re prepared for the time, financial, and emotional investment required to provide a happy, healthy life for a Pomeranian.